https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46099467/opening-location-settings-activity-from-chrome-on-android/46175726#46175726

Seems you can't open Location Settings directly from Android Intents with Chrome because Settings Activities didn't support BROWSABLE category (for details take a look at this question of Dickeylth and answer of Rafal Malek). But You can 100% do this via custom android application and Deep Links to custom Activity with <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/> support, like in that tutorial.

In that case your application SettingsActivity code should be like:

public class SettingsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        startActivityForResult(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS), 0);
    }

}

and AndroidManifest.xml part for SettingsActivity

<activity android:name=".SettingsActivity">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
        <data
            android:host="open.location.settings"
            android:scheme="http"/>
    </intent-filter>

</activity>

and, finally, "deep" link for SettingsActivity in HTML file:

Seems, if you don't want to install app on user side, you can also do this in Instant Apps. Details for links to Instant App you can find here.